PhD Study in India 2025 – Courses, Colleges, Admission Guide

A PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is the highest academic degree you can get in India. It can lead to careers in teaching, research, public policy, consulting, and top leadership roles. Whether you're interested in Management (like Marketing or Finance), Engineering, Social Sciences, or any other subject, getting ready for a PhD is very important—but many people don’t fully understand how to prepare.In this blog, we’ll explain how to prepare for a PhD in India. You’ll learn about who can apply, entrance exams, how to build a strong profile, and what happens during the selection process.

While many aim for a PhD in academic or research fields, working professionals looking for practical leadership growth often prefer a more flexible and career-focused option like an Online DBA (Doctor of Business Administration). 

Indian Universities offering a PhD Program 

India boasts one of the world's largest and most diverse higher education systems, with more than 1,000 universities. These are classified into various categories, which can be confusing at first. However, if you are looking to do a PhD, the research area and the program at which university is what truly matters, always, not necessarily the university type.

Here's a quick rundown of the principal types of universities in India:

1. Central Universities (47)

These are governed by the Department of Higher Education of the Indian Government. They have some of the oldest and most well-known universities in India, in addition to newer institutions specializing in certain subjects.

University	Eligibility	Duration
University of Delhi (DU)	Master’s or MPhil with min. 55% marks (50% for reserved categories) in the relevant discipline; NET-qualified candidates may be exempt from the entrance test	3 years full-time; extensions up to 5–6 years may be granted
Banaras Hindu University (BHU)	Master’s degree with min. 55% marks (50% for reserved categories) or NET/UGC fellowships.	3 to 6 years, first year coursework followed by research and thesis writing
Central University of Odisha (CUO)	Master’s degree (1‑ or 2‑year) with min. 55% marks; candidates with a 4‑year bachelor’s degree need min. 75%.	Typically 3–6 years (standard Indian PhD duration)
Central University of Punjab (CUP)	Master’s degree in a relevant field with at least 55% marks (relaxations for reserved categories apply) .	Generally 3–6 years, depending on discipline and research progress
Patna University (PU)	Master’s degree with min. 55% marks (5% relaxation for reserved categories); NET/CSIR fellowship holders or experienced research staff may be exempt from the entrance test but must attend the interview.	Standard 3–6 years, as per national norms

2. State Universities (390)

They are governed by respective state governments. They provide a large number of courses and most specialize in certain areas of study.

University	Eligibility	PhD Duration
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (TN)	Master’s with 55% marks (50% for reserved categories)	Full-time: 3–6 yrs; Part-time: 4–6 yrs maximum.
Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University	Master’s plus M.Ed., each with 55% (5% relaxation for reserved)	For Education PhDs: Full-time 3 yrs, max 6–8 yrs for female/differently-abled
North Maharashtra University (Maharashtra)	Master’s with 55% marks (relaxation to 50% for reserved & special categories)	As per UGC norms—minimum 3 yrs, maximum 6 yrs standard program, with extensions up to 8–10 yrs in some cases
Bharathiar University (Tamil Nadu)	Master’s degree with at least 55% marks, UGC norms applicable	Standard duration: 3 to 6 years per UGC guidelines for state universities
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University (Maharashtra)	Master’s degree with minimum 55% aggregate; UGC norms followed	Typical duration followed by state central norms: 3–6 years

3. Private Universities (307)

Private universities are established by autonomous groups or organisations, but with the sanction of the state governments. They tend to concentrate on enrolling foreign students and offering state-of-the-art infrastructure.

University	Eligibility	PhD Duration
Amity University	Master’s (or M.Phil) with 55% in relevant field or 4‑year Bachelor’s with 75%; CA/CS/ICWA also eligible; NET/GATE/UGC‑CSIR qualifiers exempt from entrance exam	Full-time: min 3 years (post-master’s) or 4 years (post-4‑yr bachelor’s); Part-time: min 3.5 years. Max duration is 6 years (can extend up to 8 years for women/PwD)
Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE)	Master’s with 60%; 4‑year Bachelor’s with 75%; MBBS/BDS/PharmD with 60%; part-time requires min 2 years work experience and NOC	Full-time self-funded: 3.5–6 years; Full-time international: min 3.5 years up to 6 years; Part-time (working professionals): 4.5–6 years
Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)	PG degree holders; direct PhD after BE/BTech also available (no % specified publicly); selection via VITEE + interview	Full-time (Internal): Standard 3–6 years; External Part-Time (faculty/industry): up to 6 years (renewable)

4. Deemed-to-be Universities (124)

These institutions were not initially universities but have been classified as possessing university-level knowledge. They are eligible to provide PhD courses and engage in advanced research and teaching.

5. Institutes of National Importance (138)

These are India's highest education and research institutions. They are established by special Parliament acts and specialize in given topics such as engineering, science, or management. These are IITs, NITs, and IIMs.

Briefly, although the university types are different, they all have the potential to provide PhD opportunities based on their subject areas and areas of research strength.India has more than 39,000 colleges, but it’s not as confusing as it sounds. Most colleges are linked to state universities and help in teaching the university’s degree programs.This setup is similar to the college system in places like Oxford and Cambridge in the UK. Students study at a college, but the final degree is awarded by the university it’s connected to.Some colleges in India focus only on postgraduate courses. These are similar to graduate schools in the USA or Canada and offer advanced degrees like a PhD.

Institutions of National Importance (INIs) Offering a PhD Program in India- 

These are India’s top and most respected educational institutions. They are set up with special goals to promote advanced education and research in specific fields. INIs are grouped based on the subjects they teach.

Here’s a quick look at them:

• 23 Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) – Famous for Engineering and Technology. They produce many PhD graduates in technical fields.
• 31 National Institutes of Technology (NITs) – Also focus on Engineering, Architecture, and Management.
• 20 Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) – Best for Business and Management studies. They offer the Fellow Programme in Management (FPM), which is equal to a PhD.
• 7 Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) – Focus on research and teaching in science.
• 7 National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPERs) – Specialize in Pharmacy and Chemical Sciences.
• 7 All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) – Top institutions for Medicine and Health Sciences.
• 3 Schools of Planning and Architecture (SPAs) – Known for training and research in Architecture.

These institutes are highly ranked and known worldwide. If you’re looking for a PhD in India, INIs are some of the best options, especially if your field matches their area of expertise.

What are the Eligibility Criteria for the PhD Program? 

Before you can apply for a PhD course, ensure that you fulfill these minimum requirements:

• You should hold a Master's degree in a relevant field with not less than 55% marks (50% for reserved categories).
• Or, if you have a bachelor’s degree with 75 percent marks from a government-approved university, even they can you can even apply to a PhD program. 
• You should have a valid score in a national-level entrance exam such as UGC NET, CSIR NET, GATE, or equivalent.

Tip: Certain universities also have their own entrance tests, so check the university rules where you wish to apply.

However, if your goal is to move up in the corporate world or become a business strategist, an Online DBA may be a better fit. It prepares you for executive roles, consulting, and entrepreneurship while giving you the ‘Dr.’ title too. Moreover, you do not even have to take any entrance exam to pursue an Online DBA. 

What are the Entrance Exams for the PhD Program In India? 

You can check the table below to know the Entrance exams that you have to qualify for a PhD Program:

PhD Entrance Exam Admission Procedure

The PhD entrance procedure in India is well-established and assists in the selection of students with the highest merit for research. Following is a simple step-by-step procedure:

1. Check Eligibility: You should possess a postgraduate degree with minimum 55% marks (or 50% marks for reserved category candidates).
2. Register for the Exam: Submit the online or offline application form for the PhD entrance exam and pay the applicable fee.
3. Attend the Entrance Exam: Give the exam, which typically examines your research skill, subject matter knowledge, and analytical ability.
4. Interview or Presentation of Proposal: After clearing the exam, you will be invited for an interview and might have to submit your research proposal.
5. Final Admission:

• Your papers will be checked after clearing the interview. Next, you pay the fees and are admitted.
• Passing the PhD entrance exam is the key to getting admission in India's best research courses and beginning a lucrative career in academics or research.
• Moreover, if you do not want to appear for any entrance exam and want a doctorate degree then an Online DBA is a much better option for you, as in an Online DBA, you do not have to appear for any entrance exam.

Tips to Prepare for the PhD Entrance Exam

To excel in the PhD entrance exam, you require the proper plan and constant practice. Here are some useful tips:

1. Know the Syllabus: Read and know the pattern of the exam and the subjects.
2. Learn Research Basics: Be good at research methodology and how to conduct research the proper way.

3. Practice Aptitude Questions:

Practice reasoning, data interpretation, and logical reasoning on a regular basis.

4. Stay Updated in Your Subject:

Read books, research articles, and articles pertaining to your subject.

5. Take Mock Tests:

Practice with mock tests to enhance speed and get familiar with the style of questions.

6. Work on Your Proposal:

If your university requires a research proposal, make it concise, concise, and convincing.

7. Remain Consistent and Positive:

Create a study planner, have breaks, and attempt to remain calm and motivated all along.

If you approach it the right way, you can clear the PhD entrance exam and continue on your research path.

PhD Admission Process in 2025 – Step by Step

Step 1: Fill out the Application Form

• Go to the official website of the university where you want to apply.
• Fill out the online form.
• Pay the application fee (this may differ from one university to another).
• Upload documents like your mark sheets, ID proof, passport photo, and research proposal (if asked).

Step 2: Take the Entrance Exam & Attend the Interview

• Most universities conduct their own entrance exams.
• If you have already qualified for UGC-NET, CSIR-NET, or GATE, you might not need to take the university exam.
• After the written test, selected students are invited for a personal interview.
• In the interview, you may be asked about your research interests, academic background, and future goals.

Step 3: Start Coursework & Research

• Once you get selected, you will begin with PhD coursework. This usually includes subjects like:
  • Research methodology
  • Literature review
  • Subject-related topics
• After passing the coursework, you will:
  • Submit and get approval for your research proposal.
  • Start your data collection and research work.
  • Write your thesis and get ready for your final PhD defense.

A PhD is a long-term commitment but also a rewarding journey. In 2025, many top universities in India will be offering PhD programs across various fields. Make sure you know the eligibility rules, prepare for entrance exams, and stay focused on your research goals. 

Making a Good Impression at the Interview 

If you meet most of the requirements, you will likely be invited for a face-to-face PhD interview. This is your big chance to show your motivation, skills, and meet your future supervisors.

During the PhD interview, you may be asked:

• Questions about yourself – Talk about your strengths as a student, how well you work in a team, and who you are as a person. Share your important academic and work achievements.
• Questions about your PhD project – Clearly explain your research idea. Show that you have the right knowledge, experience, and skills to complete the PhD. Be specific about what you know and how you are the right person for this program.
• Questions about choosing the university – Be honest. Say what you like about their research group or lab, and explain how you can add value to their work. Don't overpraise, just be real and thoughtful.

Popular PhD Specializations 

You can check the table below to know the popular specializations of the PhD that you can choose from:

Category	Course Name
Humanities & Arts	PhD in Humanities
	PhD in English Literature
	PhD in Indian Literature
	PhD in Arts
	PhD in Psychology
	PhD in Public Policy
	PhD in International Relations and Politics
	PhD in Humanities and Social Sciences
	PhD in Humanities and Life Sciences
	PhD in Social Work
	PhD in Social Sciences
	PhD in Geography
	PhD in Economics
Science	PhD in Chemistry
	PhD in Applied Chemistry & Polymer Technology
	PhD in Basic and Applied Sciences
	PhD in Applied Sciences
	PhD in Bioinformatics
	PhD in Biotechnology
	PhD in Microbiology
	PhD in Botany
	PhD Zoology
	PhD in Physics
	PhD in Mathematical and Computational Sciences
	PhD in Environmental Science and Engineering
	PhD in Clinical Research
	PhD in Physiology
	PhD in Agriculture
	PhD in Mathematics
Business & Management	PhD in Business Administration
	PhD in Management
	PhD in Aviation Management
	PhD in Logistics and Supply Chain Management
	PhD in Accounting and Financial Management
	PhD in Marketing / Brand Management
	PhD in Commerce
	PhD in Commerce and Management
Commerce	PhD in Commerce Management
	PhD in Accounting and Financial Management
Engineering & Technology	PhD in Engineering
	PhD in Civil Engineering
	PhD in Construction Engineering and Management
	PhD in Mechanical Engineering
	PhD in Petroleum Engineering
	PhD in Electronics & Communication Engineering
	PhD in Electronics and Communication Engineering
	PhD in Computer Science Engineering
	PhD in Information Technology
	PhD in Ceramic Engineering
	PhD in Production Engineering
	PhD in Genetic Engineering
	PhD in Marine Biotechnology
	PhD in Chemical Engineering
	PhD in Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering
Law	PhD in Law
	PhD in Constitutional Law
	PhD in Law and Governance
	PhD in Legal Studies
Teaching & Education	PhD in Education
	PhD in Teaching

Other Things You Should Know Before Applying for a PhD

1. Getting the Right Supervisor

Your admission to a PhD program hinges on more than your marks and experience. There must also be a professor (supervisor) in the university who can direct you in your area of interest.

So, take the time to do some research on the department. Find faculty members interested in your field of interest. E-mail them or phone them and ask if they would be willing to supervise your PhD project.

2. Performing Well at the Interview

If you have a strong application, the university can invite you to an interview. Now's your moment to shine! You can demonstrate why you're the ideal candidate for the PhD.

Prepare to answer questions such as:

• About yourself: Discuss your strengths, academic work, and personal qualities.
• About your research project: Describe your topic, your plan, and how your skills and experience leave you prepared for it.
• About the university: Tell them what you like about the department, lab, or professors—and how you can contribute.

3. Stay Positive and Motivated

The PhD application process can be lengthy and challenging, but it is a series of steps. Be patient, stay focused, and don't give up.

If you are still not sure which PhD program is for you, take some time to ponder your interests and read advice to make an informed decision.

Patience and positive thinking do matter. 

What is the duration of the PhD Program? 

A PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) is the most advanced academic credential you can acquire in subjects such as psychology, engineering, education, or mathematics. It takes more time than a master's or bachelor's degree.

Although the majority of PhD degrees are supposed to take 4 to 5 years, they tend to take longer due to the time it takes to conduct research and prepare a dissertation. In 2023, students averaged 7.2 years to complete a PhD after beginning graduate school, and approximately 5.7 years after beginning their PhD program. For comparison, a master's degree takes 1 to 3 years.

What are the Fees of a PhD Program? 

The cost of doing a PhD in India depends on the type of college. In government colleges, PhD fees are between Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 3.5 lakh. In private colleges, the fees are higher, usually between Rs. 1 lakh to Rs. 6 lakh. After completing a PhD, you can get good jobs in many areas. Some popular job roles are university professor, policy analyst, research scientist, product manager, senior consultant, and research advisor. These jobs are available in both the government and private sectors. People who complete a PhD also work in top companies and research institutes. The average salary after a PhD is usually between Rs. 8 lakh to Rs. 10 lakh per year. A PhD helps you gain deep knowledge and makes you an expert in your field. It also gives you better chances of getting high-level jobs and promotions. So, a PhD can be a good step for a strong and successful career.

Universities offering a PhD Program 

Check the table below to know the universities offering a PhD Program:

University Name	NIRF Score	NIRF 2024 Rank
Indian Institute of Science (IISc)	83.28	2
VIT Vellore	62.97	19
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)	68.53	10
University of Delhi (DU)	64.81	15
Lovely Professional University (LPU)	54.58	45
Manipal Academy of Higher Education	64.94	14
Banaras Hindu University (BHU)	67.56	11
Jadavpur University	63.84	17

Is Doing a PhD in 2025 a Choice or a Need?

In today’s competitive world, many people are asking  is a PhD still just an option, or is it slowly becoming something we need to grow in our careers? Earlier, a PhD was seen as the highest degree for those who wanted to become professors or researchers. But now, more and more people see it as a smart step to reach top roles in research, education, policy, or high-level jobs in big industries.

A PhD Is More Than Just a Degree

In the past, people did a PhD mainly out of love for research. But now, industries are changing fast. Companies want people who can bring new ideas and solve problems in smart ways. This is where a PhD helps. Whether it’s artificial intelligence, healthcare, education, or climate change, doing a PhD gives you deep knowledge in a specific area. It also teaches you how to think independently and find new solutions — skills that are in high demand.

Standing Out in a Crowded Job Market

Today, having only a master's degree is not always enough. In fields like universities, research labs, and policy centers, employers now look for PhD holders. A PhD can make you stand out. It shows that you are not just good at your subject, but that you can lead, analyze complex issues, and work on long-term research projects. It gives you an extra edge in your job search.

A Personal Journey with a Purpose

Even though many people now see a PhD as a need, it is still a very personal decision. It takes years of hard work, study, writing, and strong commitment. People who choose to do a PhD are often driven by curiosity, passion, and a wish to make a difference in their field. For some, it’s about building a career in teaching or research. For others, it’s a way to get better jobs or move abroad for new opportunities.

So, is a PhD in 2025 a choice or a need? The answer may be both. It depends on your goals. But one thing is clear: having a PhD is no longer just about education. It’s becoming a powerful tool to grow in today’s fast-moving world. If you are ready to put in the time and effort, a PhD can help you reach new heights in your career and make a real impact.

Job Roles and Salary after PhD

You can check the table below to know the job roles after a PhD:

Stream	PhD Specialisations	Average Salary Range (INR)
Arts	PhD English	Rs 4,00,000 – Rs 12,00,000
	PhD Economics
	PhD History
	PhD Sociology
	PhD Psychology
Engineering	PhD Biomedical Engineering	Rs 3,00,000 – Rs 15,00,000
	PhD Information Technology
	PhD Mechanical Engineering
	PhD Bioinformatics
Law	PhD Legal Studies	Rs 2,00,000 – Rs 13,00,000
	PhD Law
Management	PhD Human Resource Management	Rs 4,00,000 – Rs 12,00,000
	PhD Marketing
	PhD Business Management
	PhD Finance
Mathematics	PhD Mathematics	Rs 3,00,000 – Rs 10,00,000
Medical	PhD Neuroscience	Rs 4,00,000 – Rs 11,00,000
	PhD Pathology
	PhD Physiotherapy
Science	PhD Chemistry	Rs 4,00,000 – Rs 14,00,000
	PhD Computer Science
	PhD Biology

Why are Working Professionals opting for an Online DBA in 2025 instead of a PhD? 

In 2025, more working professionals are choosing an Online DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) over a traditional PhD, and for good reasons.

A PhD is research-heavy and made for people who want to become full-time professors or researchers. It takes many years, and the focus is more on theory and academic papers. But most working professionals want to grow in their careers, get promoted, or move into leadership roles not spend 5–6 years doing academic research.

That’s where the Online DBA comes in.

It is practical, career-focused, and fits easily into a busy schedule. You can study part-time while working full-time. You don’t need to quit your job or move to another city. The projects in a DBA program are related to your own job or industry, so what you learn today, you can apply at work tomorrow.

Moreover, in 2025, top universities are offering UGC-recognized Online DBA programs with global faculty, live classes, recorded lectures, and placement support.

Many professionals are realizing that an Online DBA gives them the title “Dr.” while also helping them become a CEO, business strategist, or senior consultant. It boosts your resume, opens doors to high-paying jobs, and builds strong leadership skills.

In short, if you're a working professional looking to upgrade your career without pausing your job, the Online DBA is the smarter, faster, and more relevant choice in 2025. Now is the time to take your experience and turn it into expertise. Choose the path that works for you.

Various universities offer an Online DBA Some of them are mentioned below:

Universities	Fees
Birchwood Online University DBA Online	INR 6,00,000
Golden Gate University DBA Online	INR 8,14,000
Rushford Business School DBA Online	INR 8,12,500
ESGCI International School of Management Paris DBA Online	INR 8,14,000
EIMT Online DBA	INR 5,50,000
Swiss School of Business Management DBA Online	INR 7,50,000
Edgewood College DBA Online	INR 7,00,000