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PhD Entrance Exam Syllabus 2024 [Subjects & University Wise]

Kopal Srivastava Aug 12, 2024 1.3K Reads

Many entrance exams are conducted for a PhD admission and to become eligible for a PhD course, you need to complete a master's degree with at least 50% marks from a recognized institute. PhD admissions are based on entrance exam scores from exams like the CSIR UGC NET and other PhD entrance tests.

The syllabus for PhD entrance exams includes topics from 10+2, graduation, and post-graduation levels, such as technology, life sciences, mathematics, sciences, and general aptitude. The specific subjects and topics vary depending on the PhD specialization and sub-stream. The PhD syllabus focuses on research and practical aspects, with some theoretical knowledge.

Do you know that you can pursue a PhD program even without taking any entrance exam if you pursue its alternative? The best alternative to a PhD program that does not require any entrance exam is DBA. It stands for Doctor of Business Administration, it is specially designed for people who can attend daily classes and opting an Online DBA, they can easily earn their doctorate degree from an International university that too without even relocating to another country.

There are various universities offering you an Online DBA, some of them are mentioned below :

Universities	Fees
Golden Gate University	INR 8,14,000
Rushford Business School	INR 8,12,500
ESGCI International School of Management Paris	INR 8,14,000

What is the syllabus for a PhD Entrance Exam?

If you are preparing for an entrance exam for a PhD. then written below table will be helpful for you :

PhD Subjects	Entrance Exam Syllabus
Life Sciences	Life Sciences (Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Immunology at postgraduate level) Physics/Chemistry (undergraduate level) Mathematics, Computer & Information Sciences (10+2 level)
Mathematics	Real series analysis Statistics and probability Modern Algebra and Matrix Theory Theory of Equation Numerical analysis Differential equations Calculus and analytic geometry Trigonometry
Basic Engineering and Technology	Basic Engineering & Technology (of undergraduate level) Fundamental Life Sciences and Informatics (10+2 level) Physics/Chemistry/Mathematics at undergraduate level)
Computer Information Science	Representation of characters Binary and hexadecimal representations etc. The organization of a computer Floating-point representation of numbers Data structures Fundamentals of Computer
Political Science	Research Methodology Political Theory & Thought India: State and Society Globalization and International Relations Democracy in India
Economics	Microeconomics Macroeconomics Development and Planning Mathematical and Statistical Methods Public Economics International Economics
Psychology	Introduction to research in psychology, Industrial and Organizational Psychology Counselling Psychology Clinical Psychology

PhD Entrance Exam Syllabus of Delhi University

The entrance exam of Delhi University for PhD is divided into 2 parts. Each part holds weightage off 50 percent marks :

Research Methodology	The literature review Collection and analysis of data Information sources References Scientific writing
Mathematical Tools for Research in Computer Science (part of Research Methodology)	Algebra Linear Algebra Calculus Geometry Vector Calculus Real Analysis Probability and Statistics
English Comprehension	Correct usage of English language and reading Comprehension.
Computer Science (Subject Specific)	Discrete Structures Programming, Data Structures and Algorithms Computer System Architecture Operating Systems DBMS and File Structures Computer Networks

PhD Entrance Exam Syllabus of IGNOU

Check the syllabus below for the IGNOU entrance exam :

PhD Subjects	Entrance Exam Syllabus
Ph.D. Anthropology	Anthropology and Methods of Research Physical Anthropology Social Anthropology Archaeological Anthropology
Ph.D. Political Science	Research Methodology Political Theory & Thought India: State and Society Globalization and International Relations
Ph.D. Chemistry	Part A: – Research Methodology Part B: – I: Inorganic Chemistry II: Physical Chemistry III. Organic Chemistry
Ph.D. Geology	Research Methodology Discipline Specific Courses

Entrance Exam Syllabus for PhD: Subject Wise

There are various subjects of PhD and the syllabus of different subjects are also different. The syllabus of different subjects is mentioned below

1) Psychology

A PhD in Psychology is a three-year program that adds a Doctorate and after completing the program you get many opportunities in the medical field and academia. This program focuses on medical sciences and research projects, making it ideal for students interested in academic careers or research work.

To pursue a PhD in Psychology, you must have a postgraduate degree in Psychology from a recognized university with at least 55% marks. Admission can be based on entrance exams or merit. The course fee ranges from INR 20,000 to INR 2 lakh.

Top universities in India offering this program include Amity University, Lady Shri Ram College for Women, Galgotias University, and many more you can become a professor at a top university, a trained psychologist, or a researcher and analyst in the field of psychology.

Subjects	Details
Emergence of Psychology	Psychological thought in some major Eastern Systems Western Essential aspects of knowledge paradigms
Biological basis of behavior	Sensory systems Neurons The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems Methods of Physiological Psychology Muscular and Glandular system Biological basis of Motivation Biological basis of emotion Biological basis of emotion
Research Methodology and Statistics	Research: Meaning, Purpose, and Dimensions Paradigms of research Regression Factor analysis Experimental Designs Statistics in Psychology Correlational Analysis Special Correlation Methods
Psychological testing	Types of tests Test construction Test standardization Areas of testing Attitude scales Applications of psychological testing in various settings
Attention, Perception, Learning, Memory and Forgetting

2) Sociology

A Ph.D. in Sociology recognizes high achievements and independent research. It provides insight into environmental and social factors affecting different groups. Earning this degree usually takes 3 to 5 years for those with a Master's degree.

To be eligible, you need a Master's degree in Sociology with at least 55% marks from a UGC-recognized university. You must also pass national-level entrance exams like UGC NET, UGC CSIR NET, GATE, or SLET, or a university-level entrance exam that includes a written test and personal interview. Some universities also offer admission based on merit.

You can find the entrance exam syllabus for sociology below :

Subjects	Details
State, Politics and Development	Political Processes in India Social Movements and Protests
Economy and Society	Exchange, Gift , Capital, Labour and Market Mode of Production Debates Property and Property Relations State and Market: Welfarism and Neoliberalism Models of Economic Development Poverty and Exclusion Factory and Industry Systems
Sociological Theory	Classical Sociological Traditions Structure- Functionalism and Structuralism Hermeneutic and Interpretative Traditions Post Modernism, Post Structuralism and Post Colonialism Indian Thinkers
Research Methodology and Methods	Conceptualizing Social Reality Formulating Research Design Quantitative and Qualitative Methods Techniques
Basic Concepts and Institutions	Sociological Concepts Social Institutions Social Stratification Social Change and Processes
Rural and Urban Transformations	Rural and Peasant Society Urban Society
Environment and Society	Gender and Environment Forest Policies, Adivasis and Exclusion Ecological Degradation and Migration Social and Cultural Ecology: Diverse Forms Technological Change, Agriculture and Biodiversity Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Ethno-Medicine
Family, Marriage and Kinship	Theoretical Approaches Gender Relations and Power Dynamics Inheritance Succession and Authority Gender, Sexuality and Reproduction Children, Youth and Elderly Emotions and Family Emergent Forms of Family
Science, Technology and Society	History of Technological Development Changing notions of Time and Space Flows and Boundaries 6 Virtual Community Media: Print and Electronic, Visual and Social Media E-Governance and Surveillance Society Technology and Emerging Political Processes State Policy, Digital Divide and Inclusion
Culture and Symbolic Transformations	Signs and Symbols Rituals, Beliefs and Practices Changing Material Culture Moral Economy Education: Formal and Informal Religious Organizations, Piety and Spirituality Commodification of Rituals Communalism and Secularism Cultural Identity and Mobilization Culture and Politics Gender, Body and Culture

3) Anthropology

A PhD in Anthropology is a doctorate course. It takes a minimum of 2 years and a maximum of 6 years. This course is offered at prestigious institutes like Sikkim University, Ranchi University, University of Delhi, Punjab University, and Amity Institute of Anthropology.

The course covers social, cultural, and biological anthropology. It includes topics on social reformers' contributions.

Subjects taught include paradigms in social-cultural anthropology, contributions of social reformers and thinkers to Indian society and culture, and research methodology.

To be eligible, students must have a master’s degree in Philosophy from a reputed institute. Some institutes accept postgraduates from other disciplines. Admission is based on postgraduate marks or entrance test results.

The average tuition fee ranges from INR 7,000 to INR 1,30,000. After completing the course, candidates can find jobs in anthropology museums, colleges/universities, and heritage management companies.

You can find the entrance exam syllabus of anthropology below :

Unit Number	Subjects
Unit-1	History, development, aim and scope of Anthropology, relationship with other sciences, different branches of Anthropology (including Linguistic Anthropology) and their interrelationship. Research methodology and methods Techniques of Analysis
Unit-2	Trends in Primate radiation Lamarckism, Extant Primates Fossils of extinct Primates Hominid Evolution
Unit-3	Modern Human Variation Ethnic Classification and distribution of Indian Populations Methods of studying Human Genetics: Modes of inheritance Population genetics Molecular genetics
Unit-4	Human Growth, development and maturation Methods of studying human growth Body composition Human Adaptation Somatotyping Demography
Unit-5	Concept of prehistoric archaeology Dating Paleoenvironment Lithic tool typology and technology Overview of Lithic Cultures of Europe Early Farming Cultures and Neolithic of the Near East
Unit-6	Lower Palaeolithic Period in India Middle Palaeolithic period in India Upper Palaeolithic period in India Mesolithic period in India Neolithic Period in India Prehistoric Cave art from India Pottery and Traditions Bronze/Copper Age
Unit-7	Conceptual Understanding of Social Anthropology Culture Society Social Institutions Family Marriage Kinship Economic Anthropology
Unit-8	Evolutionism Historical Particularism Functionalism Structural-Functionalism Structuralism Culture and Personality/Psychological Anthropology Symbolic Anthropology – Cognitive Anthropology Deep Ethnography, Interpretive Anthropology Anthropology and Gender Ethnicity
Unit-9	Stages in the Development of Indian Anthropology Theoretical ideas Early Indian Anthropologists and Their Contributions
Unit-10	Concepts and Theories: Applied Anthropology Action Anthropology Engaged Anthropology Experimental Anthropology Urban Anthropology Public Anthropology Public Archaeology Anthropology of Development Medical Anthropology Visual Anthropology

4) History

A Ph.D. in History is a doctoral-level program. It takes between three to six years to complete. The curriculum is research-oriented, involving theses, publications, and research projects. Specializations include Ancient Indian History, European History, Islamic History, Medieval Indian History, and Modern Indian History.

You can find the syllabus of History mentioned below :

Unit Number	Subjects
Unit-1	Negotiating the Sources Pastoralism and Food production Indus/Harappa Civilization Vedic and later Vedic periods Expansion of State system
Unit-2	From State to Empire Dissolution of Empire and Emergence of Regional Powers Gupta Vakataka age Harsha and his Times
Unit-3	Emergence of Regional Kingdoms Kingdoms in South India Kingdoms in Eastern India Kingdoms in Western India Kingdoms in North India Characteristics of Early Medieval India Agrarian economy Trade and urbanization Growth of Brahminical religions Society Education and Educational Institutions
Unit-4	Source of Medieval Indian History Political Developments Foundation of the Mughal Empire The Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis Rise of the Marathas & the foundation of Swaraj by Shivaji
Unit-5	Administration & Economy Sher Shah’s Administrative Reforms Administrative System in the Deccan – Inter-State Relations during the Sultanate and the Mughals Agricultural Production and Irrigation System Industries Trade and Commerce Hundi (Bills of Exchange) and Insurance
Unit-6	Society and Culture The Sufis – Their Orders, Beliefs and Practices Bhakti Movement – Shaivism; Vaishnavism, Shaktism. The Saints of the Medieval Period The Sikh Movement Social Classification Rural society Position of Women Development of Education Fine Arts Art and Architecture Indo-Arabic Architecture
Unit-7	Sources of Modern Indian History Rise of British Power Establishment and Expansion of British Dominion in India. British Relations with Principal Indian States Revolt of 1857, Causes, Nature and Impact. Administration of the Company and the Crown Local Self-Government Constitutional Changes, 1909 – 1935.
Unit-8	Colonial Economy Expansion and Commercialization of Agriculture Decline of Industries British Industrial Policy Monetary Policy, Banking, Currency and Exchange Growth of New Urban Centres Famines, Epidemics and the Government Policy. Indian Society in Transition The New Education Indian Renaissance
Unit-9	Rise of Indian Nationalism Birth of Indian National Congress; Swadeshi and Swaraj. Gandhian Mass Movements; Left Wing Politics. Depressed Class Movement. Communal Politics; Muslim League and Genesis of Pakistan. The Structure of Bureaucracy Economic Policies and the Planning Process; Development, Displacement and Tribal Issues. Foreign Policy Initiatives Linguistic Reorganisation of States; Centre-State Relations.
Unit-10	Scope and Importance of History Objectivity and Bias in History Heuristics Operation, Criticism in History, Synthesis and Presentation History and its Auxiliary Sciences History a Science, Arts or a Social Science Causation and Imagination in History Significance of Regional History Recent Trends in Indian History Research Methodology

5) Commerce

PhD Commerce stands for Doctor of Philosophy in Commerce. It is a doctoral degree. The course aims to make students experts in their fields and contribute to the corporate world. The PhD in Commerce lasts three years but can be extended to five years.

Students need at least 55% in their Master’s degree for PhD in Commerce Admission in 2024. They must also qualify with the required cut-off marks in entrance exams like SLET, UGC-NET, BHU-RET, etc. The subjects in PhD Commerce cover research methodologies and commerce.

PhD Commerce graduates can pursue careers in education, research, trading, and commerce. The average salary for a PhD in Commerce graduate is INR 9.80 LPA.

Subjects	Details
Legal Aspects of Business	The Competition Act, 2002 The Information Technology Act, 2000 The RTI Act, 2005 Intellectual Property Rights Goods and Services TaxIndian Contract Act, 1872 Special contracts Sale of Goods Act, 1930 Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 The Companies Act, 2013 Limited Liability Partnership
Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning	Income-tax International Taxation
Business Environment and International Business	Concepts and elements of business environment Scope and importance of international business Theories of international trade Foreign direct investment Balance of payments Regional Economic Integration International Economic institutions World Trade Organisation (WTO)
Accounting and Auditing	Basic accounting principles; concepts and postulates Partnership Accounts Corporate Accounting Holding company accounts Cost and Management Accounting Financial Statements Analysis Human Resources Accounting Indian Accounting Standards and IFRS Auditing Recent Trends in Auditing
Accounting and Auditing	Meaning and scope of business economics Objectives of business firms Demand analysis Consumer behavior Law of Variable Proportions Theory of cost Price determination under different market forms Pricing strategies
Business Finance	Scope and sources of finance; Lease financing Cost of capital and time value of money Capital structure Capital budgeting decisions Working capital management Risk and return analysis International monetary system Foreign exchange market International financial markets and instruments Multinational capital budgeting
Business Statistics and Research Methods	Measures of central tendency Measures of dispersion Measures of skewness Correlation and regression of two variables Probability Probability distributions Research Data Sampling and estimation Hypothesis testing Report writing
Business Management and Human Resource Management	Principles and functions of management Organization structure Responsibility and authority Motivation and leadership Corporate governance and business ethics Human resource management Compensation management Personality Organizational Culture
Banking and Financial Institutions	Overview of the Indian financial system Types of banks Reserve Bank of India Banking sector reforms in India Financial markets Financial Institutions Financial Regulators in India Financial sector reforms including financial inclusion Digitisation of banking and other financial services Insurance
Marketing Management	Marketing Product decisions Pricing decisions Promotion decisions Distribution decisions Service marketing Trends in marketing Logistics management

IGNOU Entrance Exam Syllabus of PhD: Subject-Wise

If you are willing to gain admission at IGNOU for PhD, you must take an entrance exam and qualify for the interview round. Moreover, the subject-wise entrance exam syllabus is mentioned below.

1) Anthropology

You can check the entrance exam syllabus of Anthropology at IGNOU below :

Subjects	Details
Archaeological Anthropology	Introduction to Archaeological Anthropology Tool types and techniques in Archaeology Geological Framework Dating Methods Lithic Cultures
Anthropology and Methods of Research	Introducing Anthropology Data Collection Techniques Field Work Tradition in Anthropology Research Design
Physical Anthropology	Introduction to Physical Anthropology Human Evolution Primate Study Biological Diversity Human Genetics Human Growth and Development Ecological Anthropology
Social Anthropology	Introduction to Social Anthropology Religion Society and Culture Anthropological Theories Kinship, Marriage and Family

2) Chemistry

You can check the entrance exam syllabus of chemistry at IGNOU below :

Subjects	Details
Organic Chemistry	IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers Principles of stereochemistry Organic reactive intermediates Organic reaction mechanisms Asymmetric synthesis Pericyclic reactions Synthesis and reactivity of common heterocyclic compounds containing one or two heteroatoms (O, N, S). Chemistry of natural products Structure determination of organic compounds Common named reactions and rearrangements – applications in organic synthesis Organic transformations and reagents Concepts in organic synthesis
Research Methodology	Objectives of research Research Methods versus Research Methodology Types of research Literature Review Research design Formulating Research Problem Collection and Analysis of Data Data Analysis with Statistical Packages Ethical Issues in Research
Inorganic Chemistry	Chemical periodicity Structure and bonding in homo- and heteronuclear molecules, including shapes of molecules (VSEPR Theory). Concepts of acids and bases Cages and metal clusters Analytical chemistry- separation, spectroscopic, electro- and thermoanalytical methods. Bioinorganic chemistry Characterization of inorganic compounds Nuclear chemistry Main group elements and their compounds: Transition elements and coordination compounds Inner transition elements Organometallic compounds
Physical Chemistry	Basic principles of quantum mechanics Approximate methods of quantum mechanics Atomic structure and spectroscopy: Chemical bonding Chemical applications of group theory Molecular spectroscopy Chemical thermodynamics Statistical thermodynamics. Electrochemistry Chemical kinetics Colloids and surfaces Solid state Polymer chemistry Data analysis

3) Political Science

You can check the entrance syllabus of Political Science at IGNOU below

Subjects	Details
Globalization and International Relations	Major theories of IR International Peace and Cooperation India in the Emerging World Order International Political Economy
Research Methodology	Methodology/Framework Research Methods
Political Theory & Thought	Introduction to Political Theory modern Concepts
India: State and Society	Introduction Indian State Social Movements Democracy in India

4) Geology

You can check the entrance exam syllabus of Geology at IGNOU below :

Subjects	Details
Geology Courses	Physical Geology and Geomorphology Structural Geology and Tectonics Stratigraphy and Palaeontology Mineralogy Petrology Georesources and Economic Geology Geochemistry Applied Geology
Research Methodology	Definition, outcome, and importance of geological research Identifying and defining the research problem Preparation and planning for fieldwork Data collection Thin section preparation Intellectual property rights, patents, copyright, etc.

5) Life Sciences

You can check the syllabus of Life Sciences at IGNOU below :

Subjects	Details
Life Sciences	Cell & Molecular Biology Genetics & Molecular Evolution Ecology Microbiology Animal Developmental Biology Plant Diversity Plant Diversity-II Plant Physiology Plant Developmental Biology Immunology Biochemistry Biophysics Biostatistics Animal Diversity Animal Physiology
Research Methodology	Research Methodology: An Introduction Defining the Research Problem: Research Design Issues in The Design and Conduct of Selected Research Designs Issues in The Design Measurement and Scaling Techniques Methods of Data Collection Processing and Analysis of Data Sampling Fundamentals Testing of Hypotheses Chi-square Test Analysis of Variance and Covariance

6) Mathematics

You can check the entrance syllabus of Mathematics at IGNOU below :

Subjects	Details
Algebra	Prerequisites and Preliminaries The Structure of Groups Rings Fields and Galois Theory Linear Algebra
Real Analysis	Sequences and series of functions Functions of several variables Lebesgue outer measure Integration of Non-negative functions. Measures and outer measures, Extension of a measure
Topology	Countable and uncountable sets Definition and examples of topological spaces Neighbourhoods. Interior, exterior and boundary Continuous functions and homomorphism, compactness Equivalence of compactness,, etc.
Functional Analysis	Normed linear spaces Reflexive space. Inner product spaces. Reflexivity of Hibert spaces.
Differential Equations	Preliminaries Linear Differential Equations-Linear Systems Dependence on initial conditions and parameters Linear second order equations-Preliminaries. Second-order Boundary value problems-Linear problems
Partial Differential Equations	Transport Equation-Initial value Problem Heat Equation-Fundamental Solution, Mean Value Formula Nonlinear First Order PDE-Complete Integrals Representation of Solutions-Separation of Variables

7) Commerce

You can check the Entrance syllabus of Commerce at IGNOU below :

Details	Subjects
Research Methodology	Theory of Research Research Process Analysis of Data
Accounting & Taxation ACCOUNTING	Accounting: Information for Decision Making Presentation and Reporting of Accounting Information Statement of Cash Flows Financial Statement Analysis Accounting Standards Global Business and Accounting Management Accounting Costing System and Analysis Responsibility Accounting
Taxation	General Framework of Direct Taxation in India Tax Planning Tax Management Indirect Taxes: Central Excise Custom Service Tax Tax Planning and Management
International Business	Basics of International Business Environment Balance of Payments Government Influence on Trade Cross Cultural Management Introduction to Globalization International Investment Transnational Corporations
Banking and Finance	Commercial Banks Banking Sectoral Reforms Basic Banking Services Credit concepts Documentation Recent Developments Credit Rating in India
Marketing Management	Defining Marketing for the 21st Century Marketing Decisions Marketing research Emerging Trends in Marketing
Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management	Entrepreneurship and economic development Creativity and Innovation in Business Enterprise creation Enterprise Management Micro business development New Age entrepreneurship

8) Education

You can check the Entrance syllabus of Education at IGNOU below :

Details	Subjects
Subject Specific Areas	Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education Learner, Learning Process and Assessment Educational Guidance and Counselling Teacher Education Adult Education Curriculum Studies Educational Management, Administration and Leadership Educational Technology and ICT Inclusive Education
Methodology of Educational Research	Sources of acquiring Knowledge, Meaning and Scope of Educational Research Criteria and sources of identifying the research problem Hypotheses Variables Tools and techniques of data collection Major Approaches to Educational Research

9) Women’s Studies

You can check the entrance exam syllabus of women's studies at IGNOU below :

Feminist Research Methodologies	What is research? Qualitative research Quantitative research Research in the Humanities and Cultural Studies Feminisms and Gender Studies I Feminism and Gender Studies II
Concepts And Theries In Women’s Studies	Introducing Women’s studies Some Key concepts Political Economy, State and Citizenship Discrimination, Intersectional ties and Group Identities Women, Gender and the Family/Household Culture and Representation Interrogating Feminisms Concepts/Languages and Translation

10) Interdisciplinary and Trans-disciplinary Studies

You can check the entrance syllabus of Interdisciplinary and Trans-disciplinary Studies at IGNOU below:

Research Methods and Techniques	Introduction to Social Science Research Types of Research Sources of Data Techniques of Data Collection Ethnography Sampling Research Design Analysis and Interpretation of Data Quantitative Methods Ethics in Research
Introduction to Interdisciplinary and Trans disciplinary Studies	Knowledge Production and Emergence of Disciplines Disciplinary Approaches Interdisciplinary Studies Areas of Interdisciplinary Inquiry Emerging Issues and Challenges Areas of Interdisciplinary Inquiry

11) Environmental Science

You can check the Entrance syllabus of Environmental Science at IGNOU below :

Subject Areas	Environmental Chemistry Environmental Biotechnology Environmental Geomicrobiology Environmental management Natural resource management Climate change Sustainability Science
Research Methodology	Meaning of Research Characteristics and Types of Research Hypotheses Basic concepts of Techniques of defining research problem Ethical, legal, social and scientific issues in Environmental Science Research Basic concepts in writing research papers, reports and research proposals Role of IPR in Research and Development

12) Tourism Studies

You can check the entrance exam syllabus of tourism studies at IGNOU below:

Subject Specific	Tourist/Visitors/Travelers/Excursionist-Definition and Differentiation, Tourism recreation and Leisure inter-relationship Concept of resource, Attraction, and product in tourism, Tourism Products Accommodation Tourism Planning Management Transportation Travel Agencies and Tour Operators Business Marketing
Research Methodology	Theory of Research Problem Identification & Formulation Research Design Qualitative and Quantitative Research Measurement Sampling Data Analysis Interpretation of Data and Paper Writing Use of tools/techniques for Research

13) Management

You can check the Entrance syllabus of management at IGNOU below :

Research Methodology

Foundations of Research

Research Process

Problem Identification & Formulation
Research Design
Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Measurement
Sampling
Data Analysis

Interpretation of Data and Paper Writing –

Use of Encyclopedias, Research Guides, Handbook etc.
Use of tools/techniques for Research

Management (Financial Management, Human Resource Management, Marketing Management Operations Management, and General Management)

Managerial Economics
The concept and significance of organizational behavior
Concepts and perspectives in HRM
Financial Management
Marketing Environment and Environment Scanning
Role and Scope of Production Management
Probability Theory; Probability distributions
Concept of Corporate Strategy; Components of Strategy Formulation
Concepts
Ethics and Management System

14) Computer Science

You can check the entrance exam syllabus of computer science at IGNOU below:

Computer Science	Data Structures and Algorithms Theory of Computation and Compilers Data Communication and Computer Networks Artificial Intelligence (AI) Computer System Architecture Discrete Structures and Optimization Programming Languages and Computer Graphics Database Management Systems System Software and Operating System Software Engineering
Research Methodology	Sets Relations Functions, Matrices, and Determinants Probability and Statistics Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Probability Distributions Numerical Methods Finite Differences Numerical Integration

15) English

You can check the entrance exam syllabus of English at IGNOU below:

British literature: issues and debates, trends and movements	Diaspora Studies
Contemporary World Literature	American Literature
Multiculturalism	Australian Literature
Subaltern Literary Perspectives	Folklore and Culture Studies
English Language Teaching	Research Methodology
New Literatures in English	Critical Theories
Indian Writing in English	Canadian Literature

Entrance Exam Syllabus of Lingyas Vidyapeeth University

PhD at Lingaya Vidyapeeth the subjects include – Computer Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chemistry, Physics.

Mathematics, Commerce and Business, Education, Law, Psychology, and Pharmacy.

Lingayas University offers Ph.D. The program complies strictly with the UGC Act, 2022 and its amendments from time to time but with high academic standards.

The mentioned syllabus of the entrance exam for PhD at Lingyas Vidyapeeth is for all candidates-

Entrance Exam Syllabus
Research Methodologies	Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Motivation in Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods Versus Methodology, Research and Scientific Method, Importance of Knowing How Research is Done, Research Process, Criteria of Good Research, Problems Encountered by Researchers in India
Defining the Research Problems	What is a Research Problem? Selecting The Problem, Necessity of Defining the Problem, Technique Involved in Defining a Problem
Research Design	Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design, Important Concepts Relating to Research Design, Different Research Designs, Basic Principles of Experimental Designs
Publications, Plagiarism, Intellectual Property rights	Quality of research work and papers –indexing, impact factor, H Index, citation index Meaning and principles of plagiarism, methods of plagiarism check, plagiarism checking software, Principles of intellectual property rights, patents, copyrights, trademarks and their importance.
Interpretation and report writing	Meaning of Interpretation, Why Interpretation? Technique of Interpretation, Precautions in Interpretation, Significance of Report Writing, Different Steps in Writing Report, Layout of the Research Report, Types of Reports, Oral Presentation, Mechanics of Writing a Research Report, Precautions for Writing Research Reports

PhD in Electronics and Computer Engineering at Lingyas Vidyapeeth

You can check the syllabus below for the PhD in electronics and computer engineering at Lingyas Vidyapeeth below :

Entrance Exam Syllabus
Basic Electronics	PN Junction diode, Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon: diffusion current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers, PN junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, PIN and avalanche photo diode, Basics of LASERs. Small Signal Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Simple diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor; FET amplifiers.
Digital Electronics	Logic Gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR; Boolean algebra, Error detection and correction codes, Karnaugh map, Multiplexers and Demultiplexers, BCD arithmetic circuits, Encoders and Decoders,Flip Flops: S -R, J-K, T, D, master-slave, edge triggered; Switching mode operation of pn junction, D/A and A/D converters
Microprocessor	Introduction to microprocessor, 8085/8086 microprocessor:Architecture & Block Diagram; Instruction Set of 8085/8086 microprocessor: data transfer instructions, arithmetic instructions, branch instructions, looping instructions; The 8255 PPI Chip Architecture; The 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller, The 8237 DMA controller
Digital Signal Processor	Discrete-Time Signals, Discrete-Time Systems, Sampling of Time Signals, Digital Filters, Multirate Digital Signal Processing, ADSP 2100, DSP processors, Applications of DSP in: Communications, speech processing, image processing, Biomedical and Radars
Industrial Drives	Components of electrical drives; choice of electrical drive; dynamics of electrical drives; calculation of time and energy; loss in transient operations; steady state stability and load equalization. closed loop control phase- locked-loop (PLLl) control; Thermal model of motor heating and cooling; classes of motor duty and motor rating. D.C. motors and induction motors etc. starting;braking and speed control of motors; quadrant drives; types of loads; torque and associated controls used in process industries; choice of motors and relays. Brushless DC motor, Stepper Motor, Switched Reluctance Motor
Power System	General layout & main components of thermal power station (in brief). Available hydropower; selection of site for hydroelectric power stations; their classifications; layout and main components (in brief). Nuclear power plants –fission energy; general layout and main components (in brief); waste disposal; types of nuclear reactors (in brief); general lay out and main components (in brief); types of nuclear radiations & their effect
Transmission System	Calculations of resistance, inductance, capacitance of a single conductor, multi conductor, single phase and three phase transmission lines; transposition; double circuit lines; skin and proximity effect; Generalized ABCD constants; representation & steady state analysis of short and medium lines; regulation and efficiency; nominal–T and pi circuits; Long line: current – voltage relationship, hyperbolic solution; surge impedance; Surge impedance loading; lumped circuit equivalent representation; Ferranti effect; power flow through a transmission line; reactive power generation / absorption of a line; power transfer capability; shunt and series compensation (in brief). Improvement of power factor of the system using synchronous condensers

PhD Entrance Exam Syllabus of Sri Ramachandra University

Sri Ramachandra University offers various fellowships, each carrying a sum of Rs. 12,000/- p.m. It includes a contingency grant of Rs. 25,000/- 3 years for those who want to do research full-time for a PhD.

You can check the syllabus for the PhD at Sri Ramachandra University below :

Entrance Exam Syllabus
Research Methodology, Biostatistics, Research Ethics and Publication Ethics
Unit-1-	Process of selection of research question including prioritization and feasibility, process of writing a research proposal, scientific writing for thesis and research publications. Review of literature, need for review of literature, primary and secondary sources for review, bibliographic databases, electronic databases, information retrieval, information processing, critical evaluation, organization of materials collected and writing of review, methods of writing references and bibliography.
Unit-2-	Scales of measurement: Basic concepts in response scales, types of scales, categorical scales, nominal scales, ordinal scales and interval or ratio scales, visual analogue scales, Likert scale, composite scales, Guttman scale, combination scores, Criteria for a satisfactory scale, Appropriate selection of scale for measuring a variable, Appropriate use of different statistical procedures for different kinds of scale, Principles and approaches in questionnaire development. Open ended and closed ended questions, Questionnaire validity and reliability.
Unit-3-	Measures of disease frequency and association, prevalence, incidence, crude, specific and adjusted (standardized) rates, relative risk, odds ratio, standardized mortality ratios, attributable risk and interpretation of measures of association. Descriptive epidemiological studies: correlational studies, case reports and case series, cross sectional studies, hypothesis formulation from descriptive studies. Case control studies, Design and conduct of case control studies, analysis and interpretation of results, bias in case control studies.
Unit-4-	Cohort studies: Types of cohort studies, design and conduct of cohort studies, analysis and interpretation of results, bias in cohort studies, Retrospective cohort studies, Bias in epidemiological studies, Types of bias, control of bias, evaluation of role of bias and confounding, nature of confounding, methods of controlling confounding. Statistical association and cause effect relationship, Evaluation of the presence of valid statistical association, Epidemiological approach to causation, judgment of a causeeffect relationship.
Unit-5-	Interventional studies, Types of interventional studies, design and conduct of randomized controlled trials, blinding in randomized controlled studies, analysis and interpretation of results. Nonrandomized studies, Drug discovery and evaluation: Historical approaches in drug discovery, pharmacological approaches of modern medicine, new approaches in drug discovery, pharmacological evaluation of acute, sub acute, chronic toxicity studies, pharmacological evaluation methods, and OECD guidelines.
Unit-6-	Sources of data, Presentation and summarization of data, qualitative or discrete data, Quantitative or continuous data, Types of variables, Dependent and independent variables, Selection of 2 variables, Clarifying variables, data presentation, tables, Frequency distribution drawings charts and diagrams. Measures of central tendency and location, Mean, median, mode, position average, and percentile. Measures of dispersion, Range, inter-quartile range, mean deviation, standard deviation and coefficient of variation.
Unit-7-	Probability: Probability scale, measurement of probability, laws of probability for independent events, conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem. Additional law of probability, Multiplication law of probability, Probability distribution, Probability chance from shape of normal distribution or normal curve, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, normal distribution, Standard normal deviate, Asymmetrical distribution, t distribution.
Unit-8-	Statistical sampling, Population, sample, sampling variations and bias, probability sampling methods, Simple random sampling, Systematic random sampling, Stratified random sampling, Multistage sampling, Multiphase sampling, Cluster sampling, Advantages and disadvantages of different types of sampling, Appropriate use of different types of sampling, Non probability sampling methods, Sample size, Concepts in calculation of sample size.
Unit-9-	Evaluating role of chance, Normal distribution, inferential statistics, hypothesis testing, p value, confidence intervals. Confidence interval for mean, statistical test of significance for difference between two means and more than two means (ANOVA). Confidence interval for proportion, statistical test of significance for difference between two proportions and more than two proportions (chi-squared test).
Unit-10	Correlation, Correlation coefficient, Positive correlation, Negative correlation, Rank correlation, Linear regression, Simple and multiple regression and logistic regression. Non parametric methods, Sign test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, median test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Advantages of non-parametric methods over parametric methods, disadvantages of non-parametric methods over parametric methods, and applications of non- parametric tests.
Unit-11-	Ethics and biomedical research: General principles on ethical considerations involving human subjects, ethical review procedures, Institutional ethics committee, its organization and functions, general ethical issues. Specific principles for clinical evaluation of drugs / devices / diagnosis vaccines / herbal remedies, specific principles in epidemiological studies, specific principles in human genetic research, specific principles for research in transplantation including fetal tissue implantation, Publication ethics.
Unit-12-	Ethical guidelines for experimental animals: Sources of experimental animals, Lab. Animal husbandry and management, anesthesia and euthanasia, laboratory animal ethics, institutional animal ethics committee, its organization and functions and responsibilities, ethical guidelines for use of animals for scientific research, The 3 R’s (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement), CPCSEA guidelines, Ethical principles adopted by CPCSEA for use of animals in scientific experimentation, in-vitro system to replace animals, legal provisions for experimentation of animals.

PhD Entrance Exam Syllabus of MIT-WPU Pune

The university offers multidisciplinary, well-established, and accredited PhD programs in engineering, business, medicine, education, liberal arts, science, finance, business, cognitive studies, and sustainability studies for and for public health.

Entrance Exam Syllabus
Foundation of Research	Meaning, Objectives, Motivation, Utility. Concept of theory, Empiricism, deductive and inductive theory. Characteristics of scientific method -Understanding the language of research - Concept, Construct, definition, Variable. Research Process.
Problem Identification and Formulation	Definition and formulating the research problem, Necessity of defining the problem, Importance of literature review in defining a Problem, Research Question - Investigation Question - Measurement Issues - Hypothesis- Qualities of a good hypothesis - Null hypothesis & Alternative Hypothesis. HypothesisTesting - Logic & importance.
Research Design:	Concept and Importance in Research - Features of a good research Design - Exploratory Research Design - Concept, Types and uses, Descriptive Research Design - concept, types and uses. Experimental Design - Concept of Independent &Dependent variables.
Qualitative and Quantitative Research	Qualitative - Quantitative Research - Concept of Measurement, causality, generalization, replication. Merging the two approaches.
Data collection and analysis	Execution ofthe research -Observation andCollection of Data - Methods of data collection, hypothesis-testing - Generalization and Interpretation.
Measurement	Concept of measurement- whatis measured? Problem in measurement In research - Validity and Reliability. Levels of measurement - Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio.
Sampling	Concept of Statistical population, Sample, Sampling Frame, Sampling Error, Sample size, NonResponse. Characteristics of a good sample. Probability Sample -Simple Random Sample, Systematic Sample, Stratified Random Sample & Multi-stage Sampling. Determining size of the sample - Practical considerations in sampling and Sample size.
Data Analysis: data Preparation	Univariate analysis (frequency tables, bar charts, pie Charts, percentages), bivariate analysis - Cross tabulations and Chi-square test including testing hypothesis of association.
Interpretation of Data and Paper Writing	Layout of a Research Paper, Journals in Computer Science, Impact factor of journals, When and where to publish? Ethical issues Related to publishing, Plagiarism and Self-Plagiarism. Use of Encyclopedias, Research Guides, Handbook etc., Academic databases for concerned discipline.
Use of tools and techniques for Research	methods to search required information Effectively, Reference Management Software like Zotero/Mendeley, Software for paper Formatting like Latex/MSOffice, Software for detection of plagiarism.
Reporting and Thesis writing	Structure and components of scientific reports - Types of Report - Technical Reports and Thesis - Significance - Different steps in the preparation -Layout, Structure and Language of typical reports - Illustrations and Tables -Bibliography, Referencing and Footnotes - Oral presentation - Planning - Preparation -Practice - Making presentation - Use of visual aids - Importance of effective Communication.
Application of results and ethics	Environmental impacts - Ethical issues – Ethical committees - Commercialization - Copyright - Royalty - Intellectual property rights and Patent law - Trade-related aspects of intellectual property Rights - Reproduction of Published material - Plagiarism - citation and acknowledgment- citationandAcknowledgement-Reproducibility and accountability.
Reasoning and Mental ability	Analogy, Classification, Series, Coding-Decoding, Direction Sense, Representation through Venn Diagrams, Mathematical Operations, Arithmetical Reasoning, Inserting the Missing Character, Number, Ranking and Time Sequence Test, Eligibility Test, Representation through Venn diagrams, Number &Symbols ordering, Comprehension questions, Statement & assumptions, Statement &Conclusions, Statement & actions.

PhD Entrance Exam Syllabus of KL University

To be eligible for a PhD program at KL University you must have a minimum 55% mark or 6.25 CGPA from any UGC-recognized university in a master's Degree in a related field or equivalent.

Entrance Exam Syllabus of PhD in Chemistry
Section-1
Atomic structure	Bohr’s model – results of wave mechanical model – quantum numbers – shapes of orbitals.
Chemical kinetics and equilibrium	Rates of reactions – 1 st and 2nd order reactions – activation energy – Kp, Kx, Kn, etc. – homogeneous chemical equilibria – acids and bases – pKa of acid – solubility product.
Thermodynamics and thermochemistry	Isothermal and adiabatic processes – carnot cycle, First, second and third laws of thermodynamics and their applications, entropy – free energy and chemical potential – chemical equilibria – phase equilibria, Cv and Cp, Hess law – Kirchoff’s law – surface chemistry and thermodynamics – adsorption – solid state chemistry with reference to adsorption – solution chemistry – colligative properties – solvation – polar solvents.
Chemical Dynamics	Kinetic theory of gases – kinetics of reactions in the gas phase – theories of reactions – collision theory – transition state theory – applications of thermodynamic concepts to reactions – complex reactions such as parallel, consecutive and reversible reactions – chain reactions and their kinetics – kinetics in the liquid phase – effect of medium on reactions – homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis – photochemistry in the gas phase and in solution – fluorescence – mechanism of photochemical reactions – irreversible processes in solution – fast reactions - viscosity – diffusion – sedimentation – behaviour of large molecules in solution – surfactants and their properties.
Electrochemistry	Conductance of electrolytes – transference – cells, half cells – Nernst equation – simple applications of conductivity and potentiometry Electrochemical cells – Nernst equation – theory of strong electrolytes (DebyeHuckel theory) – electrical double layer Lippman equation and structure – electrokinetic phenomena – basic electrode kinetics – Butler Volmer equation – Tafel equation – electroanalytical techniques (e.g polarography etc.)
Quantum chemistry and Chemical bonding	Schroedinger equation (SE) - postulates of quantum mechanics – operators – operators (Hamiltonian, angular momentum, spin and ladder) – exact solution of SE for some systems eg. Particle in the box, rigid rotor harmonic oscillator – approximate methods, variations and perturbation methods – LCAO – MO and VB methods. MO of diatomics and correlation diagrams – Huckel MO (HMO) theory and application to simple systems (eg. conjugated polyenes etc.) hybrid orbitals, molecular geometry.
Nuclear Chemistry	Nuclear reactions – fission and fusion – Radioactive decay process – interaction of radiation with matter.
Spectroscopy	UV-Vis, IR, Raman spectroscopy – principles of NMR and ESR spectroscopy – spin – spin splitting – hyperfine interactions – fundamental understanding of ESCA and Moss bauer spectroscopy - theories of the above spectroscopies with quantum mechanical approach – applications.
Section-2
Analytical Chemistry	Principles of volumetric and gravimetric analysis, organic reagents in inorganic analysis, Principles of Instrumental methods in analysis – neutron activation, isotope solution analysis, spectrophotometry and flamephotometry, general applications of instrumental methods of chemical analysis – electrochemical and spectroscopic methods in analytical chemistry.
Chemistry of main group elements	A comparative account of the Chemistry of alkali, alkaline earth metals, non-transition elements and rare gases.
Solid State Chemistry	Crystal systems, Bravais crystal system, crystal symmetry, symmetry elements in a cubic system, laws of crystallography, atomic radius, number of atoms per unit cell, atomic packing factor, Weiss and Miller indices, interplanar spacing, X-ray studies of crystals-Bragg’s equation, imperfections in crystals, structure of CsCl, CaF2, TiO2, diamond and graphite, Electronic properties of solids, band theory.
Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry	Synthesis, principles and structures of the following compounds, boron hydrides, boron anions, carboranes, compounds having B-N, B-P, Si-O, P-N, S-N, metal-hydrogen and metal carbon bonds – noble gas compounds.
Coordination compounds and transition metals	Coordination number – nomenclature – measurement of stability constants of complexes – mono and polyligated systems. Coordination components, isomerism, Principles of VB, MO and LF approaches, eleectronic spectrum and magnetic properties. Reaction mechanism of square planar and octahedral complexes. dn configurations and their theoretical analysis R – S states – CF and LF theories – state splitting in different fields. Electronic spectra of complexes. Lanthanides – their properties – spectral and magnetic properties of lanthanides and transition and metal complexes.
Organo-Metallics	Metal carbonyls – olefin and acetylene complexes – metallocenes – haemoglobin.
Section-3
Reaction Mechanism	Chemical bonding and structure – nucleophilic substitution reactions at saturated carbon atoms – neighboring group participation – carbonium ion rearrangements – mechanisms of oxidation of alcohols and ketone reductions. Elementary treatment of reaction of type SN1, SN2, E1 and E2. Hoffmann and Saytzeff Rules – substitutions at the aromatic ring, electrophilic, nucleophilic and radical – correlation of structure and reactivity – inductive, resonance and steric effects.
Reactions	Cycle additions – hydroboration – Hunsdiecker, Dieckmann, reactions, Cope, Fries and Claisen rearrangements and their mechanism – electron deficient carbon and nitrogen mediated rearrangements – Witting, Wolff, Hoffmann, Curtius, Schmidt rections – Mannich, Favorski, Michael, Robinson reactions – enolates and enamines.
Reagents	used in organic synthesis (like KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, LiAlH4, NaBH4, Wilkinson’s catalyst, DCC, etc.)
Organic Photo Chemistry	Reactions of carbonyl compounds – dienes, cycloadditions – Woodward –Hoffmann rules – applications.
Terpenes	Classification – syntheses – structural elucidation of mono terpenoid and diterpenoids.
Steriods	Classification – rearrangements of steroids – photo chemical transformations – Barton reaction – cholesterol – synthesis of aromatic steroids.
Structural Elucidation by Spectroscopic Methods	Application of UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy to structural analysis of organic compounds. IUPAC system of nomenclature, alkanes, alkenes, dienes, ketones, alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids – their preparation and properties.
Aromaticity	benzene chemistry
Stereo Chemistry	Optical activity – asymmetric synthesis – conformational analysis of cyclohexanes and decalines – octat rule. Cyclohexane – Conformational analysis geometric isomerism concepts of Z and E, R and S notations.
Heterocyclic compounds	Preparation, and properties of Thiophene and pyrrole.

Who is eligible for an Entrance Exam?

To be eligible for an Entrance exam for a PhD, you must fulfill the mentioned eligibility criteria :

You must have completed your master’s from a government-recognized university with a minimum mark of 50-55 percent.
Next, you also need to pass the entrance exam.
Later, you have to pass the interview round.

How to Apply for an Entrance Exam for a PhD?

To get admitted to a PhD or research program, you can follow these simple steps:

Step 1- Visit the university's official website. Review the PhD programs offered and choose your field of study.

Step 2- Look for admission advertisements in publications or on the university's official website. This usually happens four to five months before the course cycle starts.

Step 3- Complete and submit your PhD application form on time. Make sure to include all necessary documents and the application fee.

Step 4- Some institutions or universities require a research proposal along with the application. Submit the proposal for review.

Step 5- After reviewing applications, institutions or universities will shortlist candidates for the entrance exam and other admission processes.

Step 6- If admitted, you will be assigned a supervisor or guide for your PhD research.

Popular Entrance Exam for a PhD

There are various popular entrance exams for PhD available. Some of them are mentioned below and personalizing your approach to the specific exam you’re targeting is essential. Here are some tips for a few prominent exams:

UGC NET: This exam tests your subject knowledge, research aptitude, and teaching skills. Stay updated with the latest developments in your field, practice analytical reasoning, and familiarize yourself with the exam pattern.
GPAT: This Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test is for Ph.D. programs in pharmacy. It strengthens your understanding of pharmaceutical sciences, focus on problem-solving, and practice mock tests to excel.
JEST: This Joint Entrance Screening Test is for integrated Ph.D. programs in various scientific disciplines. Emphasize your conceptual understanding of the subject, practice analytical reasoning, and brush up on your mathematical skills.
CSIR NET: This Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Eligibility Test is for research fellowships and Ph.D. admissions. Develop a deep understanding of the subject, practice critical thinking, and stay updated on the latest research trends.
GATE: The Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering is for M.Tech. and Ph.D. programs in engineering and technology. Strengthen your understanding of engineering principles, practice problem-solving, and become acquainted with the exam format.

What are the popular entrance exams for a PhD Program?

There are various exams for PhD but the most popular exam among the students is UGC-NET.

What is the UGC-NET Exam?

The CSIR UGC NET is an entrance exam for Indian nationals to qualify for Junior Research Fellowships and Lectureship or Assistant Professor positions in Indian universities and colleges. Candidates must meet the eligibility criteria set by UGC.

Some of the Important Dates regarding the PhD Entrance Exam are mentioned below:

Entrance Exam	Registration Date	Exam Date
UGC NET	To be Announced	June 10 – June 21, 2024
CSIR NET	To be Announced	To be Announced
IPU PhD Entrance Test (PET)	March-May, 2024	June, 2024
GATE	August 31 – October 13, 2023	February 3, 4, 10, 11, 2024
VITMEE	November 30, 2023	December 12, 2023
AIIMS Ph.D Entrance Exam	To be Announced	To be Announced
VMOU PhD Entrance Exam	To be Announced	To be Announced
NIPER PhD Entrance Exam	To be Announced	To be Announced

What is the UGC-NET exam date in 2024?

The next date for the UGC-NET exam is 21st August to 4th September and the registration dates are 20th April to 19th May. The National Testing Agency (NTA) releases the dates every year and the UGC-NET is conducted in two cycles by the UGC (University Grants Commission). The next cycle is conducted in August-September. Preparing for this exam is mandatory as if you pass this exam you will be eligible for the Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) which means you will get a stipend from the government.

What is the CUET PhD Entrance Exam?

This entrance exam is conducted by the National Testing Agency and the scores it determine your admission to various colleges such as Delhi University(Du), JNU, BHU, and BBAU. It is a national level test so prepare well for the exam.

Government Universities offering a PhD program

There are various government universities offering a PhD program. Some of the universities are mentioned below:

Institute	Exams Accepted
Jawaharlal Nehru University	UGC NET- JRF
University of Delhi	NET/JRF
Hidayaullah National Law University	Entrance Exam, UGC NET JRF
Aligarh Muslim University	University Entrance Exam, UGC NET JRF
Mizoram University	University Entrance Exam, UGC NET JRF
North Eastern Hill University	Entrance Exam, UGC NET JRF

Private Universities offering a PhD program

There are ample amount of universities offering a PhD program. Some of them are mentioned below:

Institute	Exams Accepted
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham	GATE
Manipal University	PhD Manipal Entrance Test (MET)
VIT Vellore	VITREE
KIIT University	KIITEE
BITS Pilani	BITS PhD Entrance Exam
Bharathidasan University	University-Level Exam
Barkatullah University	UGC-NET
Bangalore University	UGC-NET

How to prepare for a PhD Entrance Exam?

You can follow the tips given below to prepare for a PhD Entrance Exam:

Understand the exam format: Know the structure and format of the exam, including types of questions, marking scheme, and deadlines. This helps create a focused curriculum.
Strengthen Study Skills: Review the curriculum. Build a solid foundation in your chosen topic. Prepare practice questions, attend training classes or mentor advice.
Enhance your research and problem-solving skills: Ph.D. The entrance exam tests critical thinking and problem-solving. Practice with challenging questions regularly to develop this skill.
Apply, apply, apply: Consistent practice is essential. Try to write previous year question papers, mock tests, and sample questions. This will help you understand the exam structure and identify your strengths and weaknesses.
Enhance your writing skills: Ph.D. The entrance exam consists of a written test or an essay. The habit of writing concise, well-structured, and persuasive answers.
Stay motivated and focused: Ph.D. The entrance exam can be difficult. Be positive, set realistic goals, and celebrate your progress along the way.

Can I pursue a PhD program without appearing for UGC-NET?

You need to understand that pursuing a PhD program without taking any entrance exam is impossible in India, in simpler terms you must take an entrance exam if you are willing to gain admission to a PhD program, if you are not able to take a UGC-Net exam then you must appear for GATE exam. Once you pass these exams you can easily get into PhD college.

Now, if you are willing to take admission to PhD program without taking the entrance exam then you can for its alternative named as DBA. It is also a doctorate program and can be completed in a minimum of 3-5 years. If in case you opt for an Online DBA, you can earn your doctorate degree from an international university without even a need to relocate to another country.

The biggest advantage of opting for an Online DBA is you do not have to take any entrance exam. All that is needed to gain admission to an Online DBA is you must fulfill the eligibility criteria required by the university.

Many universities offer you an online DBA. Some of them are mentioned below :

Golden Gate University
Rushford Business School
ESGCI International School of Management Paris

What are the job roles that you can apply for after completing your PhD Program?

You can apply for the various job roles once you complete the PhD program, Some of the job roles are mentioned below:

Job Title	Average Salary (INR)
Research Scientist (Government/Private Institutions)	5 - 8 LPA
University Professor/Lecturer	7 - 15 LPA
Postdoctoral Researcher (Postdoc)	3.5 - 5 LPA
Science/Research Consultant	4 - 7 LPA
Science Writer/Editor	4 - 6 LPA
Data Scientist (Industry)	6 - 12 LPA
Product Manager (Industry)	8 - 18 LPA

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Conclusion

PhD is the highest academic qualification in the academics and it gets you recognized by the “Dr” title it also signifies that you are an expert in your field and it can be completed in a minimum of a minimum of 3-5 years. If you want to pursue a PhD program, you must have completed your master's with a minimum of 50 percent marks from a government-recognized university. You have fulfilled this eligibility criterion you are eligible for the entrance exam for PhD. The popular entrance exam for PhD is UGC-NET followed by personal interview sessions. If you pass the entrance exam and interview session, then you will be admitted to the PhD program.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

Follow the previous year's question papers and understand and apply the pattern of studying for the PhD entrance exam. This will boost your confidence and help you identify your strengths and weaknesses.

The PhD curriculum varies in electives, but the core courses remain the same across all fields. These core topics include research methodology, research ethics, literature review, research design, data analysis and interpretation, and research instruments.

To be eligible for the PhD examination, you must have a Masters Degree in a related field with at least 50-55% aggregate marks or equivalent CGPA and qualifying PhD examination marks.

PhD exams are usually difficult, as most schools accept only 1-4 students per year. Having a high GPA will make you a strong candidate.

A typical PhD thesis consists of four or five chapters, moreover an introduction, and a conclusion. Specific head counts are negotiated with your supervisor.

By Kopal Srivastava

10 Years of Experience / Storyteller / Research-driven Writer

Loves to create story and narrating them through a Podcast

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